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Impacts of mining and mineral processing activities on the water resources of the Limpopo River basin.
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Sub-basin
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Type of Mining
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Water Quality Issues
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Ngotwane/Bonwapitse
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Other
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Localized Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
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Lotsane
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Other
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Localized AMD, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
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Motloutse
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Base metals, smelters
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Copper, nickel, sulphate (SO4), TDS
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Shashe 1
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Gold, base metals, smelters, alluvial gold
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Arsenic, AMD, bismuth, copernicium, copper, nickel, mercury pH, TDS, Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
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Mzingwane 1
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Gold, base metals, small-scale
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AMD, arsenic, cobalt, mercury, nickel, pH, TDS, TSS
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Dati 1
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Other
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Minor TSS
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Bubye
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---
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---
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Mwenezi
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Small-scale, other (emerald)
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Chromium, TSS
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Lower Limpopo and Chagane 1
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Other
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Very minor localized TSS
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Marico
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Base metals, smelters, other
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AMD, chromium, fluorine, lead, pH, TDS, TSS, zinc
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Crocodile 1
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Gold, base metals, smelters, other
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AMD, alkalinity, copper, chromium, copernicium, fluorine, iron, lead, manganese, pH, TDS, silver, TDS, TSS, zinc
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Matlabas-Mokolo
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Smelters, other
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AMD, pH, TDS
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Laphalala 1
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Base metals, other
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Lead, tin, TSS
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Theuniskloof 1
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Base metals, other
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Iron, manganese, TSS
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Mogalakwena
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Gold, base metals, smelters, other
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AMD, antimony, copernicium, pH, TDS, TSS, tin
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Setoka-Soutsloot 1
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Other
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TSS
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Sand
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Small-scale
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Copper, mercury, nickel, TSS, TDS, zinc
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Nzhelele
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Other
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Lead, nickel
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Levuvhu
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Other
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AMD, pH, TDS, TSS
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Wilge 1
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Gold, other
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Localized AMD, fluorine, TSS
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Riet & Little Olifants 1
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Base metals, smelters
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AMD, copper, iron, manganese, pH, sulphate, TDS
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Middle Olifants
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Gold, base metals, other
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AMD, chromium, copernicium, copper, iron, manganese, pH, tin, TDS, TSS, zinc
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Steelpoort
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Base metals, smelters
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AMD, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, pH, sulphate, TDS, TSS, vanadium
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Blyde 1
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Gold, small-scale
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AMD, copernicium, TDS, TSS
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Selati 1
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Gold, base metals, smelters, other
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AMD, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, mercury, copernicium, pH, phosphorus, sulphate, TDS, TSS, zinc
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Middle Letaba and Great Letaba 1
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Gold, base metals, small-scale, other
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AMD, antimony, arsenic, copernicium, iron, mercury, pH, TDS, TSS, tin
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Shingwedzi
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Gold, small-scale
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Arsenic, mercury, TDS, TSS
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Source: Ashton et al. 2001
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1 Sub-catchment in Ashton et al. 2001
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Sub-catchment noted herein
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Shashe-Tuli
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Shashe
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Pazhi, Umzingwani
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Mzingwane
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Diti
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Shashe
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Lower Limpopo and Chagane
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Lower Middle Limpopo, Lower Limpopo, Chagane
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Crocodile-Elands-Pienaarsrivier
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Crocodile
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Laphalala
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Lephalala
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Theuniskloof
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Lotsane
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Setoka-Soutsloot
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Shashe, Mzingwani
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Levuvhu
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Luvuvhu
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Wilge
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Middle Olifants
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Riet & Little Olifants
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Upper Olifants
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Blyde
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Lower Olifants
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Selati
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Lower Olifants
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Middle Letaba and Great Letaba
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Letaba
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2 Diamond, gold, silver, PGEs, copper, and nickel exploration is noted, but the status, nor locations, are not available
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